Politika Eduarda I. na Britských ostrovech a ve Francii

Abstract

Diplomová práce je rozdělena do kapitol podle zemí, kterým se Eduard I. za své vlády věnoval či je dobýval, tedy Wales, Irsko, Skotsko a Francie. Vnitřní události v Anglii, ať již se jednalo o reformu zákonů či šlechtickou opozici, jsou zmíněny pouze okrajově, neboť nespadají pod zahraniční politiku, i když ji mohou ovlivňovat. Wales a Irsko byly považovány za vnější součásti anglického království, proto jsou na prvním místě; Skotsko bylo nejméně do roku 1290 samostatnou zemí. Jednotlivé kapitoly neobsahují pouze popis událostí v těchto zemích v letech 1272 až 1307, ale také přehled událostí předcházejících, příčin Eduardových válečných tažení. Důvodem je snaha o osvětlení dění a častá nedostupnost literatury věnující se této problematice.

King Edward I reigned in England for thirty five years. The authors of medieval chronicles speak about him as magnificent ruler, capable warrior and politician. Modern historians write about many problems and wars he had to resolve or win, mostly with success. England of Edward I had two more outer parts - Wales and Ireland. Wales was divided among powerfull barons who had to perform homagium to English kings. Between 1272 and 1307 there were three rebelions led by native princes. After last of them, in 1292, Wales was finaly conquered by English. Ireland was supposed to be firmly in English hands; Edward never visited the country nor had to send army to it. In the thirteenth century there were two kingdoms on the British Isles - England and Scotland. English kings tried to obtain influential position in the northern realm; Scottish kings had to perform homagium to them. Question is whether this was for Scotland or only for lands which Scottish kings held in England. In 1290 the dynasty of Scottish kings died out and Edward I took the opportunity. He chose new ruler and after John Balliol failed in his duties to England, Edward entered Scotland with army. The campaigns, thanks to resist in the northern part of the kingdom, continued until the end of Edward's reign. Scotland was never fully conquered. The...