The individual and community in the early novels of George Eliot

Abstract

Ve sve praci se zameruji na 3 rana dila George Eliotove: Adam Bede, The Mill on the Floss and Silas Marner. Za pouziti konceptu Gemeinschaft (komunita) a Gesellschaft (spolecnost) jsem analyzoval vztahy mezi jednotlivcem a komunitou. Nepracoval jsem s touto dvojici pojmu jako s oznacenim etap ve vyvoji lidstva, nybrz spiSe jako druhovym oznacenim skupiny charakteristik. Gemeinschaft tak oznacuje tradicni hodnoty jako dodrzeni chlapskeho slova, ucta k starsim, socialni hierarchie, ro dinne vazby a td. Gesellschaft je, na proti tom u definovana predevsim sebestrednosti a sobectvim. Ptiznakem techto vlastnosti byl podle Eliotove nezajem 0 skutecnost zpusobeny zahledenosti do sebe sama. Komunita nuti sebestfedne jedince uvedomovat si realitu a vede je k rozsifeni jejich moralniho obzoru. Timto z nich dela, pres obcas prikre prostfedky. jimiz k onomu vybuzeni dochazC lidi soucitnejsi, moudrejsi a vposledku vice lidske.

In my work I focus on George Eliot's 3 early novels: Adam Bede, The Mill on the Floss and Silas Marner. I have analyzed the relations between the individual and community using the pair of concepts Gemeinschaft (community) and Gesellschaft (society). I have not used the concepts to label the stages in the evolutionary progress of mankind, but rather as labels of sets of characteristics. The Gemeinschaft set of values includes the traditional values like keeping one's word, respect to elders, deference to class, family ties etc. The Gesellschaft, on the other hand, is in my reading foremostly defined by self-centredness and egoism. The symptom of these qualities in Eliot's view was a day-dreaming lack of interest in reality. The community awakens the self-centred individuals to a sense of extramental reality and sympathizing moral breadth of vision. In spite of the cruel means this process is brought about, it ultimately makes Eliot's characters more sympathizing, wiser and more humane.