Narrating history, constructing identity: the postmodern turn in William Faulkner's Absalom! Absalom!, The Sound and the Fury and Go down, Moses

Abstract

The gradual and contestable transition from the modem to what has come to be labeled as the postmodern era has been characterized as unnerving. This transition, it is said, has unsettled and is still in the process of disquieting all areas of human enterprise and knowledge. The term postmodernism encompasses a disputable set of ideas and features; its time frame and applicability to different subjects are also questionable. It is this very aspect of questioning that most aptly delineates the process by which postmodernist outlooks approach the contemporary world. At the core of this questioning lies an incredulity toward any reality and truth. Rather, reality, postmodernism says, is constructed and defined solely by language. This fore grounding of language before the existence of external reality casts a new light on the creation of meaning and identity in the postmodern world. The modernist endeavor to find the essential core in one's identity disintegrates in the postmodern understanding of identity as a cultural construct that is determined only in relation to its surroundings. Without these relations, be it familial or societal, identity - and for that matter all meaning - bears no substance and faces the perpetual threat of becoming lost. A sense of loss informs postmodern philosophy, and it entails...

Ternatern teto pnice jsou postrnoderni prvky v rornanech Williarna Faulknera, a to konkretne v dilech Absolone. Absolone!, Hluk a zurivost a Sestup. MojiiSi. V techto textech je patrny postupny prerod rnodernisrnu v postrnoderni vize vytvareni historie a identity. lako rnodemista se Faulkner ve svYch rornanech a povidkach venuje predevSirn fragrnentami zkusenosti a odcizeni cloveka v rnodernirn svete dvacateho stoleti. Dale v nich vytvari autonornni, fiktivni svet kraje "Yoknapatawpha" jakozto jednu z rnoznych alternativ k "realnernu" svetu. Snail se odhalit univerzaIne platne lidske vlastnosti, a take patra po tzv. "vecnych pravdach" tohoto sveta. Faulkner prernenil svou rodnou severnl Mississippi na irnaginami, autonornni svet, ktery rna sve ryze soukrorne dejiny. leho pfibehy se odehravaji na jihu Spojenych statu arnerickych, a proto hlavnirn rnotivern je problernove dedictvi teto oblasti a jejiho obyvatelstva. Zivoty a bny FaulknerovYch postav presahuji svou dobu, nebot' Faulkner ve svYch dilech vytvoril sveho druhu rnytus, ktery je stejnyrn zpusobern nadcasovY jako biblicke rnotivy protknute ternito pfibehy. Ve Faulknerove svete se dejiny neustale opakuji a osudu nelze utect. leho postavy se snazi rozlustit pravdu 0 svern nevyhnutelnern dedictvi. Vzato z rnodernisticke perspektivy jsou tyto pribehy 0...