Burjatský šamanismus

Abstract

Predlozemi prace struene analyzuje situaci burjatskeho samanismu v jeho tradienich aspektech s poukazem na soueasnou situaci jednotlivy-ch jew. V teto posledni easti zbYva doplnit nekolik podnetu, k nirnZ doposud nebyla prilezitost vyjadrit se. Vetsina soueasnych samanu se svemu tradienimu remeslu stale jeste uei. Snazi se pritom, aby jejich zkusenosti zUstaly v souladu s "narodnimi tradicemi", ktere v zivote Burjatu hraji vy-znamnou roli. Podstatna pfitom zllstava vzajemna interakce mezi jednotlivy-mi samany i laiky, behem niz se ustaluji interpretace spomych otazek i)rkajicich se kosmologie, pantheonu, ritualnich praxi, spravneho vy-kladu atributu, znalosti norem a tabu. Individualni pojeti jednotlivy-ch samanu jsou podrobovana vzajemne konfrontaci pri nekdy az ostr)rch polemikach a postupne se tak stabilizuji v urCite obecne koncepce, ktere se stavaji zakladem novy-ch dogmat. Prikladem takoveho procesu muze b)ri sledovani vYvoje v uZivani terminu "sabdag", ktery se postupne dostal do samanske kosmologie. Jelikoz se jedna 0 pojem prevzaty z buddhismu teprve v nedavne dobe, v zadne starsi literature tykajici se samanismu se s nim nelze setkat. Sabdag predstavuje ducha nizsi socialni lirovne, ktery obYva nejruznejsi mista, muze posednout lidi nebo jim Pllsobit problemy. Obetovavani na vetsine posvMnych mist...

After the political changes in East Europe and Central Asia at the end of 80s of the 20th century some latitude of religious liberty, which had been limited till then, occured. It made possible to restore original traditions and gradually return the religion from illegality back to the public life. Ecclesiastic and confessional institutions started to restore in accordance with those ones operating in the period of Imperial Russia. A very specific situation arose from Buryat shamanism, which had never been under the state and authority control like other confessions had. Buryat shamans began to restore and renew extinct traditions mostly by the way of studying professional ethnographical and religious literature and inspired by the new philosophical currents of the tardy wave of New Age, they complemented numerous gaps and deficiency with their own ideas. During the last 15 years several organisations associtiating Buryat shamans have come into existence. They obviously differ from each other in their specialisation, traditions they gather from, and even in their range. Some of them are local, others try to unite all shamans in the territory settled by the Buryats, but there are also small formal and informal groups gathering disciples of a master. All associations of shamans in some ways use traditional...