Divadelní umění na Bali

Abstract

V me praci jsem prozkoumala siroke spektrum divadelnich projevu, s nimiz se lze setkat na ostrove Bali. Vzhledem k obsahlosti tematu, jsem podrobneji zkoumala pouze loutkove divadlo a nektere druhy tanecniho dramatu. Ve vsech castech jsem se venovala pouze tradicnimu divadlu, ktere na Bali prevlada. Modemi proudy balijskeho divadla nebyly predmetem meho zajmu, ackoli postupne se zapadni pristup k divadlu zacina na ostrove, alespoii mezi studenty umeleck:ych skol, uplamovat. Ma prace jasne ukazuje, jak je balijske divadlo uzce spjato s nabozenstvim a ritualy. V nekterych pfipadech je sarno ritualem. Hinduismus a s tim spojene nabozenske Ukony obyvatel ostrova doslova formuji podobu vsech typu balijskeho divadla. Urcuji, kdy se rna divadlo hrat, pro koho, s jak:ymi kosrymy a tematem. Prave diky teto sevrenosti s nabozenstvim a ka.zdodennim zivotem jsou divadelni predstaveni pro vsechny bemou zalezitosti hojne poradanou po celem ostrove. Po mnoha staleti byla balijska kultura temer uzavrena okolnimu svetu a jeho vlivilm. V divadelnim, tanecnim i vytvamem umeni bylo Bali az do 20.stoleti velmi konzervativni. Teprve v 60.letech 20.stoleti, kdy v Denpasaru byla zalozena Vysoka skola umen!, dnes lSI, se tradicnimu balijskemu umeni otevrela cesta k norym formam a pristupilm zapadniho sveta. Byl to pocatek vzniku...

In my thesis I describe many kinds of theatrical forms in Bali island - Indonesia. I choose this theme of my diploma paper because in my studies of theater I'm focusing on Balinese dance and drama since four years ago. In academic year 2004/2005 I obtained scholarship of Indonesian government on studies in lSI, Institute of Art in Denpasar, Bali. My field of study was shadow puppets theater and dance drama. After my studies I return there every year to continue my research on Balinese theater and to get better in traditional Balinese dance which I am also teaching in Czech Republic. Three years ago I established civic association Kintari foundation which introduces Indonesian art and culture in Czech Republic and helps on humanitarian projects in Indonesia as well. My thesis is divided into three main parts: Puppet theater, Dance theater and Theater between puppets and dance art. There is also Balinese dividing of theater according to hindu religion which is the main indicator of Balinese theater. These groups are: wali, bebali and balih-balihan. The relegation to these groups depends on how important is a given kind of theatrical form for hindu religion. Wali are the holiest kinds of theater and dance, bebali are still connected to religious ceremonies and balih-balihan are just spectacular case. Theater...