Ectomycorrhizal symbiosis (ectomycorrhiza) is a very important interaction, which affects plants and fungi in a variety of ecosystems. This interaction has been of interest to many mycologists and botanists for over a ...

Abstarct: Chemotherapy, as the primary treatment method for many types of cancer, is associated with a number of side effects, including a potential negative impact on male fertility. The action of chemotherapy interferes ...

Senescence is a state of a cell characterized by permanent cell cycle arrest, growth of the cell, and other phenotypic changes, including proinflammatory secretome. Along with the beneficial aspects of senescence, it has ...

Hypertension is still the leading cause of death and cardiovascular morbidity worldwide, but its long-term control remains unsatisfactory. Blood pressure is subject to certain variability during 24 hours, when its values ...

(EN) A novel type of non-canonical 5′ RNA caps, dinucleoside polyphosphate RNA caps, has recently been discovered in our laboratory. To elucidate the physiological role of these caps, more detailed information about their ...

Fat cells (adipocytes) are important regulators of adipose tissue and the whole organism. These cells are actively involved in whole-body energy homeostasis and changes in their function and metabolism have a far-reaching ...

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), consisting of Crohn's Disease and ulcerative colitis are chronic diseases of the gastrointestinal tract. The incidence of IBD is rapidly rising, most notably in recently industrialized ...

In the territory of Czechia, lake sediments serve as invaluable natural archives, allowing us to study environmental changes in the Late Pleistocene and the Holocene. Understanding these changes is crucial for contextualizing ...

The threat of antibiotic resistance is deemed as a ticking time-bomb, yet in spite of this, the number of newly discovered antibiotics continues to steeply decline. Each year, infections caused by multi-drug resistant ...

This bachelor's thesis deals with the determination of the amount and type of unused industrial waste in the Czech Republic, the evaluation of the waste recycling potential and subsequent methods of its recycling. Part of ...

The belt-forming algae of the genus Fucus are key species of the otherwise species-poor Baltic Sea. The distribution of the Fucus species is limited by the reduced salinity of brackish water to which the Baltic populations ...

Microplastics have become a significant problem in marine ecosystems, posing a serious threat to the biodiversity and stability of these environments. This bachelor's thesis focuses on investigating the presence of ...

NK cells, a subset of innate lymphoid cells, play a crucial role in recognizing and eliminating virally infected or cancerous cells, making them a promising cell-based immunotherapy for AML patients. However, NK cell-based ...

DNA topology plays a key role in regulation of gene expression by affecting interactions between DNA and RNA polymerase and other regulatory proteins. In this work, I review the process of transcription and selected ...

Dispersal of animals is an important area of ecology, the study of which is crucial for understanding population composition and dynamics. The acquired knowledge has broad applications in various fields, whether in the ...

This thesis is a literature review that aims to process the available literature on attitudes towards insects, knowledge about insects and the ways in which the perception of insects by humans can be influenced. In the ...

The purpose of this thesis is to examine extinct and extant nonhuman Hominidae locomotion, through analysis of observational and fossil postcranial research. The extant genera reviewed were Pongo, Gorilla, and Pan. ...

Reproduction is one of the most important parts of life of each animal. Courtship and copulation are very diverse in millipedes and differ among orders and species. Examining millipedes during their reproductive period ...

This work deals with food addiction, mainly its neurobiological basis. The fact that highly processed food high in calories can have effects similar to those of addictive substances has been known for decades, however with ...

The aim of this work is to analyse the cartographic tasks of the Summer School of the Geography Olympiad 2022 and 2023. The first part deals with the theory required to master the given cartographic tasks - what the map ...

Parental care for offspring encompasses a variety of behaviors aimed at increasing the offspring's survival rate. However, as the care of the offspring requires a lot of energy it raises a conflict between the parents. It ...

The ubiquitin-proteasome system is an essential cellular instrument that provides timely degradation of specific protein substrates. This thesis examines its role in the regulation of DNA replication with emphasis on human ...

This thesis summarizes the current knowledge of the mechanisms that allow green algae to tolerate even severe desiccation. It provides a comprehensive overview, ranging from the definition of desiccation stress and its ...

Intracellular transport of mitochondria and other cell components along microtubules is fundamental in all cells, especially in neurons. The anterograde mitochondrial transport is driven by molecular motor kinesin-1 (KIF5), ...

Labour market participation of seniors in South Korea in relation to the demographic aging Abstract This paper focuses on demographic aging and economic activity of the elderly in South Korea. The aim is to analyze population ...

Social learning, i.e. learning from other individuals of the same or different species can be found in a large number of taxa and the birds are no exception. Authors of a large number of studies focusing on this topic ...

Melatonin is a hormone that primarily functions in regulating circadian rhythms in mammals. Independently of the pineal gland, it is also synthesized in the intestines, where it can interact with the gut microbiome and ...

Amylase is a starch-digesting enzyme produced by the pancreas and salivary glands in humans. Genes for the salivary isoenzyme (AMY1), located on chromosome 1p21.1, show remarkable variability in their copy numbers (CNV). ...

Galectins are proteins that bind β-galactosides through their Carbohydrate Recogni- tion Domain (CRD). There have been 16 types discovered in mammals, with only 4 not found in humans. They are present in various cell types ...

Arzén v jeho rozličných formách je jedným z najtoxickejších environmentálnych kontaminantov, ktorý je taktiež prijímaný rastlinami a dokáže ovplyvniť ich vitalitu. Rizikovou kategóriou sú kultúrne plodiny, u ktorých As ...

Požáry jsou významným disturbančním faktorem, hrajícím klíčovou roli ve formování a fungování ekosystémů. V posledních desetiletích pozorujeme nárůst nebezpečné požárové aktivity. Očekává se, že s postupující klimatickou ...

Schopnost regulace tělesné teploty je klíčová pro přežití a evoluci organismů. Endotermové mají efektivní mechanismy tvorby tepla, mezi které patří svalový třes a netřesová termogeneze (NST), ke které dochází převážně v ...

Abstrakt Dekompozice kostní tkáně je komplexní proces, ve kterém hrají zásadní roli bakteriální enzymy. Enzymy jsou biologické katalyzátory, které se účastní všech biochemických reakcí v živých organismech. Ve této ...

Raný embryonální vývoj je řízen maternálními mRNAa proteiny, které byly nasyntetizovány během oogeneze. Klíčovým obdobím pro preimplantační vývoj je přechod od maternální kontroly vývoje k embryonální. Tento proces, známý ...

Tato bakalářská práce se zabývá detekcí přestaveb T-lymfocytárních receptorů (TCR) pomocí sekvenačních metod nové generace (NGS) a jejím využití u autoimunitních onemocnění diabetes 1. typu (T1D) a celiakie. V první polovině ...

Vztah mezi StkP/PhpP fosforylační dráhou a diadenylátcyklázou CdaA produkující c-di-AMP u Streptococcus pneumoniae Druzí poslové se staly novou oblastí výzkumu bakterií. Jedním z nejnověji objevených druhých poslů je ...

Regulace struktury chromatinu je zásadní pro širokou škálu buněčných procesů, včetně regulace transkripce, buněčného dělení, diferenciace a opravy poškození DNA, a ATP-závislé remodelační komplexy chromatinu byly identifikovány ...

Regulace vnitrobuněčné hladiny kationtů alkalických kovů (Na+ , K+ ) a protonů v buňkách většiny organismů (od bakterií po savce) závisí na správné lokalizaci a fungování transportérů těchto kationtů v membránách buněk. ...

Dotyková DNA je ve forenzní genetice ještě stále celkem novým objevem, ale využívá se velmi často jako důkazní materiál při soudních řízení. Přesto například její definice není jednotná a zdroj DNA v dotykových stopách ...

Pro porosty jalovce obecného (Juniperus communis) na pastvinách se v oblasti Moravského Valašska vžilo označení jalovcové pasínky, přitom stejně jako v celé Evropě se jedná o typ stanoviště, který z krajiny rychle mizí, ...